Types of well logging jobs operational procedure baseshop operations wellsite operations before data acquisition data acquisition and real time qaqc after log verification at the wellsite data delivery formats data processing and analysis data storage and archive sunday, september 15, 20 well logging pge 492 2. Nuclear logging has been used in some form since the late 1920s to provide information on lithology and rock characteristics. While the recent interest in loggingwhile drilling tools has changed the emphasis somewhat, interest in nuclear tools has remained as high as, or higher than, ever. Implementation of a tree algorithm in mcnp code for. Nrc safety aspects of well logging course tentative agenda schlumberger technology corporation 210 schlumberger drive, sugar land, texas monday. Application of electric well logging and other well logging methods in hawaii chester lao frank l. This article provides an overview of how various log. It involves lowering a well logging tool, including a sealed source of radioactive material, into a well on a wire. Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record a well. A technique used in oil and gas exploration to help predict the commercial viability of new or existing wells. This course is a must have for anyone working with the subsurface within the petroleum industry.
Measurement of formation density is made using a sealed caesium7 source. Singlesided nuclear magnetic resonance nmr has been used to non invasively study objects and chemical processes including oil well. Mckinley at exxon large pdf file logging logging rules of thumb or rule of thumbs cable reheading made simple radioactive tracer survey shallow well procedure simultaneous gamma ray sie cement bond logging. Form iah nuclear logging facility the university of houston api nuclear logging calibration record company total time on location hours 5. Its just a common sense, stepbystep approach in interpreting any well. Most of these articles are general and do not treat particular interpretive probems in detail. Monte carlo numerical models for nuclear logging applications.
The fdp should lay down the broad strategy for data acquisition, which will take. These methods are based on different physical principles and have different operational techniques. Other services are also provided from using complex nuclear logging tools, such as formation lithologymineralogy, etc. Electrical and radioactive well logging has come into widespread use in groundwater hydrology during recent years, and many articles have been published dealing with its application in this field.
What is well logging well log is a continuous record of measurement made in bore hole respond tovariation in some physical properties of rocks through which the bore hole is drilled. It is well beyond scope of a short article like this to detail the science and the results of the many facets of. The following part contains the requirements most relevant to welllogging licensing and possession. After migration of data, user institute shall declare survey meter, obtain rso approval and apply for licence for well logging facility. The logging staff scientist can follow every step of the recording on the screen of the mcm unit and thus has the option of choosing the best type of display. Well logging is a process in which specialty tools are run down a borehole to take recordings at various depths of physical or chemical properties of the rocks and fluids penetrated or encountered by drilling the well. Although we have not provided the detailed information, constructing complicated geometries through geant4 and an auxiliary software can be done with a reasonable amount of efforts. If the hole has been drilled by using coring techniques, the core provides a visual record of the formations and rock types encountered.
A large number of nucleonic gauges and welllogging devices are in use in india. The basic technology behind this tool is similar to modern wireline nuclear magnetic resonance technology allen et al. Well logging the systematic recording of rock properties and its fluid contents in wells being drilled or produced to obtain various petrophysical parameters and characteristics of down hole sequences g. Richard liu, in theory of electromagnetic well logging, 2017. Nov 02, 2016 well logging the systematic recording of rock properties and its fluid contents in wells being drilled or produced to obtain various petrophysical parameters and characteristics of down hole sequences g.
Even in well logging, quantum mechanics rears its head. Evaluation of nonnuclear techniques for well logging. In addition, a complete description of the borehole, lithology, and fluid conditions in the downhole environment is required. Mcnp has been accepted as the standard for nuclear logging industry for several years. However, it lacks some important capabilities for nuclear spectroscopy tool development such as zone. Principles and classification of well logging methods 2. This process uses byproduct or special nuclear material tracer and sealed sources in connection with the exploration for oil, gas, or minerals in wells. Sealed radioactive sources are routinely used in formation evaluation of both hydraulically fractured and nonfracked wells. Apr 24, 2017 introduction to nuclear logging tool petroleance. The following part contains the requirements most relevant to well logging licensing and possession. Course petrophysics well logging, fundamentals tpg4175. Application of electrical and radioactive well logging to. The uranium series3 natural potassium has a much lower speclfic actlvlty, to date nearly 80 gammaray 11nes have been observed viz, n the spectiurn of the former, 60 in the latter. Nuclear logging is one of most important logging services provided by many oil service companies.
Pdf this report includes over 50 individual citations as well as a firstauthor index. Content of petrowiki is intended for personal use only and to supplement, not replace, engineering judgment. Basic relationships of well log interpretation introduction this chapter provides a general introduction to well logging principles and methods that will be used throughout the book. The gr identifies lithologys and stratigraphic correlations in boreholes case or uncased, liquid or air filled. This device sends data on the well s underground characteristics to the surface where it is plotted on a chart. Well logging and tracer studies radioactive materials. This series covers nuclear safety, radiation safety, transport safety and waste safety, and also general safety that. This has created a profound shortage of good used ambe sealed well logging sources now that the oil business is again in a boom cycle.
Even though gamma rays are usually discussed as electromagnetic radiation, for nuclear logging they are treated as photonsclassical particles. This study is focused on the need to assess petrochemical welllogging technologies to determine if it is technically feasible to replace logging techniques requiring isotopic sources such as ambe, 252cf. Nuclear logs include density logs and neutron logs, as well as gamma ray logs. The nucleonic gauging devices, on the other hand, mostly incorporate low activity sources. Continued technological advances have provided improved methods for analyzing the measurements of natural and induced nuclear readings. Well log data management logdb its role and application. But before we understand any story, we need to be able to read these well logs. Geophysical well logging is an industry with a history that dates back to the 1920s. Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record a well log of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole. The main parameters of interest are formation porosity, bulk density, and natural radiation. In other words, the information of the mud, invasion zones, and true formation in the radial direction along the borehole can provide critical evidence to the petrophysicists to characterize the formation. Over time, many different types of logs have been developed to collect data about wellbores and subsurface formations.
All operations involving the lowering and raising of measuring devices or tools that contain licensed nuclear material or are used to detect licensed nuclear materials in wells for the purpose of obtaining information about the well or adjacent formations that may be used in oil, gas, mineral, groundwater, or geological exploration. Introduction to logging tools 1 spontaneous potential sp the spontaneous potential survey, sp was one of the first measurements, which was carried out, in a well bore. Nrc safety aspects of well logging course tentative. Temperature, radioactive tracer, and noise logging for injection well integrity epa600r94124, july 1994 by dr. The result is a more accurate evaluation of well producibility. Api calibration facility for nuclear logs 291 table 2. See also the medical, industrial, academic uses of nuclear materials regulations, guidance, and communications page. Pdf appelldix iib geological applications of well logs an. Industrial radiography, well logging and tracer studies, well logging only, portable gauge, fixed gauge, spinning pipe and xray fluorescence. Part 39 licenses and radiation safety requirements for well logging. In doing that, we have evaluated several features of geant4. Modern logging techniques combine logging tools to obtain a more reliable. Implementation of a tree algorithm in mcnp code for nuclear well logging applications. While the recent interest in logging while drilling tools has changed the emphasis somewhat, interest in nuclear tools has remained as high as, or higher than, ever.
Author links open overlay panel fusheng li xiaogang han. This document presents the final report on the project. Mud logging, also known as hydrocarbon well logging, is the creation of a detailed record well log of a borehole by examining the bits of rock or sediment brought to the surface by the circulating drilling medium most commonly mud. This log utilizes a single moving electrode in the borehole and a reference electrode at the. Uses of radioactivity in oil and gas wells wikipedia. Well logging is a process used to determine whether a well drilled deep into the ground has the potential to produce oil. Chapter ii principles and classification of well logging methods.
The sp log is a record of the naturally occurring potential in the well bore. Calculation of monte carlo importance functions for use in. Relaxation time of proton spin nuclear magnetic resonance. Mud logging is usually performed by a thirdparty mud logging company. Evaluation of non nuclear techniques for well logging. Nuclear well logging methods there are a number of nuclear well logging tools that have been and still are important in the evaluation of hydrocarbon wells and reservoirs. Wireline logging can be defined as being the acquisition and analysis of geophysical.
Should she decide to change the type of display, the data can be played back on the screen at the end of logging operations before. How to easily read a well log in 5 minutes or less using. Geophysical well logging is a mature technology comprising many separate systems. Succeeding chapters 2 through 6 introduce the reader to specific log types. The text discusses how different log types measure various.
Chapter ii principles and classification of well logging. Spe disclaims any and all liability for your use of such content. The well logging devices incorporate relatively high activity neutron sources in addition to gamma sources. The geotech gamma ray logging system gr is a portable, handoperated geophysical instrument used in exploration for uranium, potash, and base metals, as well as for petroleum and ground water. Now a days the log may be taken as films, images, and in digital format. This report contains a summary report giving a comprehensive overview of the techniques and applications, and a collection of research papers describing work done in individual institutes. Traditionally logs are display on girded papers shown in figure. Logging tools are generally either electrical, sonic, or nuclear. It now employs a variety of measurement techniques that fall under several broad categories, including mechanical, electrical, acousticsonic, and nuclear all employing specialized sensors or detection devices, the latter. The sources are lowered into the borehole as part of the well logging tools, and are removed from the borehole before any hydraulic fracturing takes place. Well logging, field technique used in mineral exploration to analyze the geologic formations penetrated by a drill hole.
For wireline logging the data acquisition is implemented after the. The log may be based either on visual inspection of samples brought to the surface geological logs or on physical measurements made by instruments lowered into the hole geophysical logs. Look up information in the well logging licensee toolkit. The main focus of this work was to qualify geant4 for nuclear well logging problems. My first mentor, ko ko kyi, first taught me how to read and interpret well logs just by looking at the well log patterns. In well logging, it is desired to have an image of the formations around the borehole. The nuclear tools geometry and material composition must be accurately described.
The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical properties in a well. Well logging provides data to answer fundamental questions regarding petrophysical, geological and mechanical properties required to evaluate, develop and produce a field. They are used in open holes to determine the electrical resistivity of the rock, which together with other physical parameters can be used to derive a lithological. The list of accepted radiation safety training courses pdf, 66kb is divided into use categories. Total time billed hours company order billing order no 7. Evaluating geant4 platform for nuclear welllogging problems. For logging, the interactions are primarily particlescattering interactions. In petroleum exploration well logging operations are conducted in an effort to predict the ability of an oil or gas well to produce the specific hydrocarbon oil or gas. As a young company, wle supplies well logging, rig. Quantitative nuclear borehole logging based on neutron excited. The document specifies regulatory requirements as well as. Carbonate reservoirs are usually characterized by extremely variable pore space structure, which has to be taken into account during formation evaluation from the welllogging data. The regulatory related publications by means of which the iaea establishes safety standards and measures are issued in the iaea safety standards series. The osrp had taken over 15,000 sealed sources out of circulation as of may of 2007, and over 20,000 by june of 2009 not all are well logging sources, and not all are americiumberyllium chemical neutron sources.
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